Monday, January 18, 2016

Religion, Community, and Accompaniment in a Secular World

Photo courtesy of mukeshbalani.wordpress.com

By Lauren Pinsker

I knew before coming to Rome for this AGI that I was going to have many opportunities for experiential learning—that is, learning more about a subject by direct contact and involvement.  I had thought that I would do so only within the set structure of the class itself, the people we were going to hear lectures from, the places we visited together, that sort of thing.  But my experiential learning this past week in Rome went so far beyond the class components that I am still processing what it all means.  What I DO know is that my preexisting assumptions about religion, humanity, and the definitions of “charity” and “community” have all been spent spinning, in the best of all possible ways.

First, a little context: I am a true daughter of the American Immigrant experience.  My mother’s family is Irish/Scotch Catholic, while my father’s family are Ashkenazi Jews.  I was raised in the Reform Jewish community in Southern California but went to public schools and spent a lot of time (including Christmas) with my mom’s family.  I identify as Jewish, but I am not religious and only attend services on the most important (and/or mandatory) holidays.  I have, unfortunately but inevitably, come across my fair share of Antisemitism, but that is part and parcel of being a Jew.  Growing up with family on either side of the religious aisle—so to speak—and having friends of nearly every other Christian denomination, as well as a few World Religions classes under my belt, I have always believed that Religion with a capital R provided a moral framework, incentive to behave decently towards others, but otherwise to be shelved under the category of “opiate of the masses.”

What I witnessed—and experienced—in Rome this past week has shown me how wrong I was to dismiss Religion so easily.  Yes, I am earning my masters at a Jesuit University, although I didn’t exactly know what a Jesuit was until after classes started.  I didn’t fully appreciate the Jesuit emphasis on education, advocacy, and accompaniment beyond that it was unbelievably similar (except for the whole 'Jesus Christ' thing) to the Jewish principles I was raised to appreciate and uphold.  On our first morning in Rome, Father Ken Gavin from Jesuit Refugee Services introduced the concept of accompaniment, the idea that people in need require—and deserve—the comfort of companionship along their journey towards a new, hopefully brighter future.  This theme came up over and over again, but I was especially struck that first day by this idea that charity on its own isn’t enough, but that to really serve the needy you must also actually get to know—and respect, listen to, and befriend—him or her on a very personal and individual level.  As Father Ken would say, otherwise you are serving their human needs but not their humanity, which in many cases is just as crucial (if not more) as food, water, and medical care.  Later in the week we heard directly from a young man who had been saved—physically and emotionally—by the intervention and care of Centro Astalli, one of the Jesuit refugee organizations in Rome, and credited his current success almost entirely to their involvement in accompanying him on the extraordinarily difficult journey to resettlement in a completely foreign country.

This concept of accompaniment was reinforced when our class went to see and listen to Pope Francis himself, the first Jesuit pope in history.  Although I wasn’t entirely able to translate everything he said, his message of compassion and welcome to the whole world, and not just its practicing Catholics, was evident both in his sermon and reflected in the faces of every person in the audience.  I saw how a group of my fellow Catholic classmates were utterly transported by the experience of meeting and being blessed by this wonderful man, and understood how much his unique ability to bring people together has benefited humanity and will hopefully continue to ameliorate previous tensions in this new, utterly international millennium.  I was extremely moved and impressed by his humble nature and clear love of humanity, as well as his message regarding the acceptance and indeed accompaniment of the migrants who are being forced from their homes and mostly left to fend for themselves in a strange new country.  I was by no means the only person with tears on their cheeks as he blessed the audience and called for their compassion.

As if these experiences weren’t enough to show me first-hand the positive power of Religion far above and beyond its “mass opiate” appeal, I accidentally ran into my own private personal example of the importance of community and, yes, accompaniment, in the days I spent alone in Rome before our program even started.  After wandering through Trastavere and the western areas of Rome one afternoon, I looked up with surprise to discover that I had somehow strayed into what was clearly the old Jewish Ghetto.  I’m not sure why they call it that, because as I rounded a corner I suddenly found myself in what I would call the new Jewish Ghetto, in that ghetto technically means neighborhood and that it was the street where all the Kosher shops and restaurants are.  It was a Friday evening, the start of the Jewish Sabbath.  I visited a Kosher gelateria (highly recommended, in fact the best gelato I have ever had anywhere), and was shocked into immobility when the woman behind the counter shouted out a friendly “Shabbat Shalom!” as I turned to leave.  I looked back at her as it dawned on me that it was, indeed, Shabbat, and that the traditional Hebrew greeting was the same in Rome as it was in Santa Barbara or San Francisco or Jerusalem, for that matter.  She must have seen my bemused surprise, because she smiled broadly and beckoned me into the back room.  There, on a small table, sat two candlesticks, a bottle of wine, and a loaf of (clearly home-made) bread: the three things necessary for the traditional Jewish Shabbat blessings.  Together we lit the candles, drank some wine, ate some bread, and chanted the same words that have been spoken by my people for over 3500 years to thank God for getting through another week.  I may be a mostly secular person, but I felt a power and history behind those simple words that spanned not only thousands of years and hundreds of generations, but also the distance between California and Rome, and between English and Italian.  I would never have given the Jewish Ghetto more than a check mark for amazing gelato had she not reached out to guide and, indeed, accompany me in the traditions of our shared heritage.  For that half hour, we were sisters as well as companions, and I indeed felt truly welcome.


Related Links:
University of San Francisco School of Management: https://www.usfca.edu/management
Jesuit Refugee Services: http://en.jrs.net
Centro Astalli: http://centroastalli.it
The Official Holy See Website: http://w2.vatican.va/content/vatican/en.html
Kosher Gelato Website: http://www.cremeriaromana.com

Sunday, January 17, 2016

Are refugees welcome here?


By: Jora Atienza

In the days leading up to my arrival to Rome for USF School of Management’s Academic Global Immersion 2016 Winter Intercession course, I noticed a striking poster at the window at a local café that had an illustration of a man concealing a small child inside his jacket. It had a simple message above it: Refugees are welcome here. A sandwich board outside the café said it served Ethiopian coffee. Several streets down, I saw the poster again, this time at a casual restaurant that sold gyros and falafels. I walked the rest of the way home thinking about the significance of where these posters were located and the idea of what “welcoming” could mean for refugees, forced migrants, and asylum seekers around the world. I found later that the poster was created by the organization Jewish Voice for Peace, which focuses advocacy work in service of peace, social justice, equality, human rights, and respect for international law.

Some days later, I heard a story on the radio about Syrian refugees being relocated to Britain. Several refugees were interviewed and their experiences ranged from happiness, frustration, to disappointment.  A 31-year old man, a doctor in Syria, had been imprisoned and tortured there. He lamented the fact that he could not practice in England without learning English and restarting his medical education and certifications. How could he invest a decade of time and energy so that he can work again? In any scenario, he will have to start far behind what he had already accomplished back in his country. All while being separated from friends, family, and everything he’s ever known. In contrast, a 20-year old man was exuberant about his future and grateful to the UK for an opportunity to begin his life. He had already found a job working at a local falafel stand. He had arrived with this mother and two younger brothers. One brother, who has leukemia, is able to receive the healthcare that he needs, in addition to the family receiving support with housing, education, and some living expenses.

I was struck by the varied experiences of these two men, both forced to leave their country at different stages in their lives. The younger one, so hopeful for his and his family’s future; the older, uncertain in his frustration and feeling isolated in his new home, having to create community with fellow refugees and Britons.  I wondered how much their different status in life back in Syria is making an impact on how they are adjusting to resettlement in England and what it means to truly start a new life. Basic necessities such as food, shelter, healthcare, and safety? Of course. But how can government refugees and forced migrants to rebuild the both tangible and intangible webs of support that exists in any community? Especially when families and friends are scattered around the world, livelihoods are destroyed and people have to start again. Honoring human dignity and rebuilding connection and community needs to have a prominent space in any resettlement program.


UNEDUCATED COMMENTARY OF U.S. CITIZENS IS HARMING THE CHILDREN OF SYRIA


By: Erin Rene’ Nelson

While searching for articles related to my case study, I came across a “Hardball with Chris Matthews” video of Mark Shriver (JFK’s nephew), President of Saving the Children –Action Network. This short interview was focused strictly on children of Syria and the need for (U.S.) Americans help. When I read the public commentary in response to this video I was appalled (see examples of commentary below). I understand that most comments posted on the web tend to be from a small population and mostly negative viewpoints however these responses help frame a picture of the lack of comprehension, at least in the U.S., of what is happening in Syria. One may think who cares about a few comments - they are not significant. However we should consider that during elections the general public and social media commentary does have some power. Candidates are listening to public opinion, taking a stance on it and then feeding it back to the general public. The end of this cycle often becomes accepted general opinion. These comments do have serious indications.

A short time after this video was released ABC news reported on "Thousands in Syrian Town of Madaya at Risk of Starvation " and Quartz.com showed horrific photographs of people starving, including infants, children and pregnant mothers. The town of Madaya had not received any food for four months because they were under siege by ISIS as "a punishment for another cities doing." No one could enter; no one could leave. Madaya once a resort town for the wealthy had now become a prison for its own people.

Viewpoints from our politicians, social media and this commentary have included that the Syrian Civil War is brought on by themselves, they have a choice, they should stay and defend their country, it is not our problem and other various ignorant responses. The babies in Madaya that get milk once in 10 days did not bring this on, have absolutely no choice, cannot depend on themselves (or their families) and truly need our help! I beg Americans to become more educated on the situation and if they find they still do not want the U.S. to help at least portray the real story.

EXAMPLES OF COMMENTARY ON MARK SHRIVER EXPRESSING THE NEED TO HELP SYRIAN CHILDREN:

"Absolutely not! First of all can you imagine what a country this might be it during our Civil War everyone flood. These people won't stand up for their own country they absolutely won't for ours. Parentheses we parentheses should just leave it to work itself out.

"I would never be a refugee before defending my home and Space expect some other country to take me in. There is a difference between someone that spends the time trying to come to come to be an American and someone coming because they don't have the gall to defend their home.

Hardball With Chris Mathews, September 9, 2015, Video “JFK’s Nephew on Helping Children in Mideast Crisis”
http://www.msnbc.com/hardball/watch/jfks-nephew-on-helping-mideast-refugees-522573891613

Meghan Keneally, Abcnews.go.com, January 8, 2016, “Thousands in Syrian Town of Madaya at Risk of Starvation”
http://abcnews.go.com/International/thousands-people-syrian-town-madaya-risk-starvation/story?id=36175616 Mrie, Loubna and Kozlowska, Hanna, quartz.com, January 8, 2016, “Horrifying Images of Starving Syrians are Bringing Assad’s Atrocities Back into Focus” http://qz.com/589222/horrifying-images-of-starving-syrians-are-bringing-the-war-back-into-focus/

Saturday, January 16, 2016

Refugees Seeking Asylum


For almost a full week, me and 13 other graduate students from the University of San Francisco School of Management have spent a great deal of time in Rome meeting with local and international organizations to better understand the rights of refugees. The majority of this week is being used to understand what it means to be an asylum seeker in the European Union. There are various organizations located in Rome that can provide many essential services to refugees and asylum seekers from food, shelter, psycho-social therapy, job training, and assistance with filing paperwork to apply for asylum.

What is an asylum seeker and what does it mean to be one? According to United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), an asylum seeker is “someone who says he or she is a refugee, but whose claim has not yet been definitively evaluated.” Once a refugee enters into a country within the European Union they have the right to apply for asylum. If a refugee requests asylum, they must meet certain criteria before any approval is given. During the time it takes to process the paperwork the refugee is granted full rights and protection as a refugee. If the asylum is approved the refugee has permission to stay in the approved country and may only leave the approved county for limited reasons such as travel. At this point it becomes extremely difficult for the refugee to legally leave the country where they are applying for or have been granted asylum. A major problem is each country interprets the definition of an asylum seeker differently. So this causes an inconsistence in the application of the 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees.

The most recent news is reporting on the suicide bomber that struck in Istanbul’s Sultan Ahmet Center on January 12 that left 12 people dead and 13 people injured. The suicide bomber is believed to be linked to ISIL and is considered to be a terrorist attack. A detail that is striking fear into individuals everywhere is that the ISIL suicide bomber presented himself only days before the attack to the Turkish government as a Saudi-born Syrian seeking asylum. This is the second time ISIL has been able to infiltrate and exploit the use of refugee’s to carry out terrorist attacks. This fear brings anger and furthers resistance of refugees. On January 14, 2016 Al Jazeera’s Galip Dalay wrote, “Turkish authorities bear full responsibility for ensuring that this attack is not used as a pretext to demonize refugees and the victims of war. Syrian refugees living in Turkey are victims of the same terror as those caught in Tuesday's bomb blast. Stranded between ISIL's state of terror and Assad's regime, these people had almost no option but to flee their country and seek a better future elsewhere.”

As of June 2015 Turkey has hosted over 1.8 million Syrian refugees and 145,335 asylum seekers. As a signer of the 1951 Convention on Refugees, Turkey recognizes refugees and asylum seekers under the law, however they have chosen to reserve the power to choose which country they will accept refugees from. As a candidate to join the European Union, Turkey has received a lot of pressure to join the EU and adopt the same protocols for refugees and asylum seekers. Because Turkey has not and the pressure has been building, in 2013 Turkey announced that they will allow full refugee status to anyone from Europe and everyone else will still receive “conditional refugee” status.

Click here for more information Turkey’s response to the terrorist attack.

Friday, January 15, 2016

Crying for Solutions: The World’s Child Refugees



Photo credit: Jesuit Refugee Services

As the conflicts around the world to send thousands of people fleeing to hoped-for safety and opportunity, humanitarian leaders are calling the world’s attention to the crisis of refugees. Underscoring the urgency of this call to action is the reality of refugee children. In 2015, more than 60 million have been forcibly displaced people—the most since World War II. Tragically, half of those forcibly displaced are children--30 million children often far from home, experiencing trauma, and often lacking basic resources. See http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49c3646c1e8.html Even more disturbing is the fact that increasing numbers are unaccompanied minors.

IN THE US: Between 2009 2015, the US documented unprecedented numbers of unaccompanied minors from Central South and America. An estimated sixty-three thousand unaccompanied minors, most coming from Central America, crossed the United States' southern border between October 1, 2013 and July 31, 2014, U.S. Customs and Border Protection has reported. Kids like Alfonso, who said “The gang told me that if I returned to school, I wouldn’t make it home alive. The gang had killed two kids I went to school with, and I thought I might be the next one. I know someone whom the gangs threatened this way. He didn’t take their threats seriously. They killed him in the park. He was wearing his school uniform. If I hadn’t had these problems, I wouldn’t have come here.” Read Alfonso’s story and what other South and Central American children say in this UNHCR report: http://www.unhcrwashington.org/sites/default/files/UAC_UNHCR_Children%20on%20the%20Run_Full%20Report.pdf.


IN EUROPE: In Europe right now, it is estimated that 7,000 unaccompanied minors, or children feeling along, have come into Europe and reside in refugee camps, like Calais, an overcrowded tent city in Northern France. On January 11th, the Guardian reported on young Masud, a 15 year old Afghan boy who had been waiting for months for his asylum claim to be heard by the UK. Unlike other refugees, Masud in fact had a good chance, even a right, because his sister lived in the UK. (Following the European Union’s Dublin Regulation covering hearing of asylum claims, refugees with close family members can claim asylum in the country where they reside). The Guardian wrote: “Masud was among a group of children listed in a legal challenge against the Home Office that will be heard in London on 18 January … a vulnerable and lonely child who deserved to be urgently reunited with a family member”.


CALLS TO ACTION: Sadly, Masud is one of many children alone, at risk, or even dying. Nonprofits, NGOs, and Churches providing humanitarian aid are urging governments to take action. Bishop of Barking, Peter Hill, a spokesperson for campaign group Citizens UK is quoted: “Every single night, desperate children are climbing into lorries and jumping on to train tracks to try and reach their families. Our government must act to honour its obligations and help these children.” Ciara Peri, of Centro Astalli refugee services http://centroastalli.it/ took time from her role as managing direct services to refugees and asylum-seekers in Rome, Italy, to speak with graduate students from USF School of Management, and explained the immense challenges faced by families and children in trying to navigate asylum in the European Union. Centro Astalli is a part of Jesuit Refugee Services, an international NGO with the mission to accompany, serve and advocate for the rights of refugees and other forcibly displaced persons. JRS provides primarily provides emergency response, psycho social supports, and education, and is a strong advocate for refugees. In a January 7 blog post, JRS/USA called for “Common action, not unilateral border controls”, saying that "From Mellila to Calais to the far reaches of the EU’s extremities, we have seen border control's massive negative repercussions and effects on people searching for safety,” (JRS Europe director Jean-Marie Carrière). “Responsible border management does not seek to turn away those in search of international protection.” Days before, they urged President Obama to provide protection for asylum seekers, not deportation, and to offer greater protection to Central American families fleeing violence. Reade their letter here at http://jrsusa.org/news_detail?TN=NEWS-20160104093630


A powerful voice joining these and other nonprofit leaders in a call for a dignified, humanitarian response is Pope Francis, who continues to urge a welcoming and compassionate, “bold and creative response”. Affirming that Europe has capacity to welcome migrants without threatening security or culture, the Pope said Monday "Europe has the means to defend the centrality of the human person and to find the right balance between its twofold moral responsibility to protect the rights of its citizens and to ensure assistance and acceptance to migrants." The “people’s pope” has been consistent and clear in this call to politicians, parishioners, and all people to show love, mercy, and justice. Over three years ago, August of 2013, the Holy Father wrote, “A change of attitude towards migrants and refugees is needed on the part of everyone, moving away from attitudes of defensiveness and fear, indifference and marginalization – all typical of a throwaway culture – towards attitudes based on a culture of encounter, the only culture capable of building a better, more just and fraternal world.” Read more from the Pope on Vatican news at http://www.news.va/en/news/pope-francis-angelus-appeal-for-migrants-and-refug


A Bold and Creative Response The current refugee problem could be more aptly recognized as a conflict crisis creating a refugee crisis, and one that is catching babies and young children in an unacceptable turmoil of fear, lack of safety, and death. Humanitarians say: we can, and should, do better.

Do Something Now:

Educate yourself and others. Learn “push” and “pull” factors, of why people choose to leave their whole lives behind for something better. Listen to refugee experiences, and what they are hoping for. Learn the massive benefits that migrant populations bring. Some places to start referenced in this article: UNHCR: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home Jesuit Refugee Services: http://en.jrs.net/


Volunteer: Find an organization in your area that supports immigrants, refugees, or trafficked persons. Suggest your favorites in the comments to this blog!

Donate: Organizations at the forefront need our support. Research your own, or donate here to organizations on the frontlines. These organizations leverage substantial volunteer efforts:

Jesuit Refugee Services: https://www.jrsusa.org/donate?LID=201

Caritas: http://www.caritas.org/take-action/donate/

Medicins Sans Frontieres: http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/support-us

Advocate: Informal and formally advocate for refugees. Jesuit Refugee Service/USA has ongoing action alerts and for people to contact Senators and Representatives on key issues.
http://cqrcengage.com/jesuit/jrs

http://www.wola.org/get_involved



Saturday, January 9, 2016

A Small Step in My Personal Journey to Understanding The Difficulty in Answering A Hard Question.

Picture from: http://www.yss.ames.ia.us/en/programs/human_trafficking_victim_services/

I have to admit my understanding of human trafficking was very minimal and disconnected. With each additional reading and research I am starting to understand what human trafficking really means. One of the largest revelations I had was discovering the intricacy and networks the traffickers use within the different “sectors” of human trafficking. Even with all the attention being brought to this subject through various media sources, I am starting to understand the difficulty in answering the hardest question… how this can continue to happen and what can be done to help?

To start my journey I decided to look at what local agencies are doing and then look internationally. I meet with Cesar Lagleva, a Program Director at Marin County, Health and Human Services, to discuss what steps the county is doing to help with human trafficking in the local area. Currently Marin County District Attorney is working with other nonprofits such as West Marin Advocacy and the Dominican Sisters of San Rafael. They are primarily focused on the undocumented population and aimed at “addressing the numerous forms of labor and sexual exploitation affecting the lives of children and adults in Marin County”.  

Cesar informed me that out of the United States, California has the third highest rate of child trafficking with at least 100,000 children sexually trafficked and the Bay Area is one of California’s hub for human trafficking. Just in the City of San Rafael there are over 80 massage businesses and more than 20 of those businesses were listed on a ‘fantasy’ website. Marin County’s coalition is only one of the many that are trying to combat human trafficking. Other organizations like Community Violence Solution and Bay Area Anti-Trafficking Coalition are working to raise awareness by encouraging others to speak up in organizations and learn to recognize signs of abuse.  

Another topic that Cesar spoke very passionately about is the inequity facing the residents of the county. Cesar had recently attended the “Equity Summit, All in for inclusion, justice, and prosperity” in Los Angeles. The below video was used to open the summit and to make a ‘Call for Action’. For people to “Step, Move, Walk” and unite for the common purpose of bringing an end to social inequity, including the rights for undocumented individuals.

To view the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BhWc6Dzy8xM&feature=youtu.be 
To learn more:
antitrafficking@comcast.net
To read more: http://www.marincounty.org/~/media/files/departments/da/marin-county-human-trafficking-task-force.pdf 

As I continue my research in understanding what can be done to help stop human trafficking at an international level, I found an article about a recent decision by Japan. Last month Japan’s, a signer of the 1951 Convention of Refugees, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe announced Japan will pay 1 Billion Yen ($8.7 Million in U.S.) for Korean women forced into Japanese military-run brothels during World War II. During this time tens of thousands of women from all over Asia, mostly from Korea, were sent to military brothels to provide sex to Japanese soldiers. These women were referred to as “comfort women”. There is only 46 South Korean women surviving that were former sex slaves. 

Friday, January 8, 2016

Roman Reactions to Recent Refugees: A Personal Conversation

Photo courtesy of www.walksofnewyork.com

By Lauren Pinsker

Having arrived in Rome several days before the AGI is to begin, I set about to find opportunities to speak with ordinary Roman citizens about the current Italian/ EU Refugee Situation, and have luckily been quite successful.  I have spent hours conversing with men and women from all walks of life and areas of Italy and Europe, including café owners, artisan crafters, off-duty tour guides, salespeople, bar owners, hotel clerks, art students: basically anyone willing to talk about the current Syrian Refugee Crisis who knew enough English, Spanish, or a combination of the above to communicate (mio Italiano non è buono).  Everyone I spoke to was incredibly friendly, happy to chat about anything Italian, and eager to share their own views of the Migrant Crisis, and although I do not have their names I want to thank each and every one of them for taking the time to talk to me.  Grazie, i miei nuovi amici.

Coming from the US, where migrants and refugees are often extremely unwelcome if not outright vilified, I was expecting to find resentment, complaints about the strain on the economy and state services, fear of increased illegal activities, and Roman citizens who were generally terrified of this largely unknown element that has landed on their doorstep, so to speak.  I expected to hear people compare the Syrian migrants to criminals or terrorists or even animals.  After all, that is unfortunately what you hear in many parts of America today, and in reference to pretty much any immigrant who isn’t a White, “God-Fearing” Christian (of note: Latin Americans).  Surely, I thought, the Italians must be using the same hate speech, blaming the refugees for being in need of refuge, and generally being at least as racist, anti-Muslim, and xenophobic as many Americans seem.

This preconception could not have been more false.  Every single Roman I have spoken to in the past several days has not only proudly proclaimed their civic duty to help others in times of crisis, but of their personal satisfaction that Italy is providing rescue services and aid to their “brothers and sisters” fleeing an especially atrocious civil war.  After all—each and every Roman pointed out—Italy has been dealing with a steady flow of refugees (especially from North Africa, which is directly across the Mediterranean Sea from the country’s southern coastlines) for decades, and so Italy already has a working system for admitting and processing migrants and refugees and the Italian public has long been used to the necessity and good work of such basic humanitarian aid.  The war in Syria is threatening to ruin this system, but not because the refugees are a different ethnicity, or because they practice a different religion, and certainly not because they are bad or dangerous people.  The problem now, Romans say, is that the sheer enormity of the number of Syrian refugees currently trying to reach Europe has flooded the Italian-European Migration Services, immensely slowing and complicating the state’s attempts to process, place, and provide for migrants in need, be they from Syria or anywhere else.

What anger the Romans I spoke with expressed was aimed not at the refugees, but at other EU countries, Scandinavia, and the Americas for failing to help Italy’s overloaded processing system or take in their fair share of refugees and therefore split the responsibility (and cost!).  Two totally different people I conversed with even blamed the Italian and EU governments for causing the problems that seeded the Syrian Civil War, and felt that having to process and deal with the resulting humanitarian crisis was not only appropriate but completely justified because they were at fault to begin with.  One woman used the phrase “you clean up your own messes” and was both confused and horrified that anyone anywhere in the world did not know it was their human duty to assist others, especially if they directly, indirectly, or accidentally caused that crisis in the first place.

When asked about the US specifically, quite a few Romans brought up the quota system that the US had used in the past to refuse refugees—most notably, European Jews fleeing the Holocaust in the 1930s and ‘40s—and that physical space between continents was no excuse for what they saw as America’s blatant refusal to help what they should consider their fellow man, especially when (like now) the US is militarily and/or politically involved in the war that is creating the refugee crisis to begin with.  One loquacious scholar pointed out that the Syrian Refugee Crisis was in a way the opposite of the Holocaust: Syrians are being forced from their home country and spread across the diaspora until such time when they can return to the home country as one people again.  He also pointed out that a civil war in a single country, however atrocious, is extremely different than mass genocide throughout an entire continent, and if America refused to take in Holocaust victims back then there was little chance it would feel more kindly towards the foreign refugees in this situation unless we had learned a lot in the past 75 years.  Serious food for thought.


The questions that remained unanswered in these conversations were those that related to what was going to happen next.  The Romans I spoke with all seemed to believe that if every country (that was able to) took in their fair percentage of Syrian refugees, the migrants could more quickly leave Italy and be able to settle in other countries—and not wait around in detention centers or those awful temporary settlement camps—until peace is restored in Syria and they can go home.  Every person expressed sorrow and hope for all refugees seeking Italian soil, Syrian or otherwise, but agreed that Italy just does not have nearly enough money, time, or manpower to deal with this current surge in numbers.  Not one person felt that helping these refugees—indeed all refugees—was in any way optional, but instead a basic requirement of being a fellow human being.  I couldn’t help but be in awe of Roman generosity, commitment to justice, and their hope of a world where everyone is both free and taken care of.  And I cannot wait to learn more in the week ahead.

Since this research was completed entirely on-site, in person, and extremely informally, I cannot direct your attention to specific web links or news articles without running the risk of bias; however, a web search of "Italian Migration Policy" will give you several months worth of reading.  As always I am happy to answer any (appropriate) questions.

Sunday, January 3, 2016

Importance of Legal Aid to Refugees



Photo credit: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/06/children-illegal-mexican-border_n_5462133.html

Since the unaccompanied minor surge in the US in 2014 I have personally witnessed the struggle refugee children and their families experience on their legal journey to try to remain in the U.S. As a legal assistant at a non-profit law firm, I work children and young adults who are victims of sex trafficking and also with unaccompanied minors who were detained crossing the U.S border without a parent or legal guardian.

 Whether it be employment, a better life or freedom, the truth is that migration dynamics have changed not only in the U.S but nationally. Recently, migration is commonly about fleeing gangs, drug trafficking, or religious percussion.  Regardless of being Mexican, Salvadorian, Syrian, or Afghan, what many refugees have in common is that they are leaving their homes due to fear of being harmed, they are looking for a safe environment to live in.

While assistance like housing, clothing, food and welfare services are important to help refugees looking to re-settle in a new country, equally important are legal services.  Most do not understand how detrimental and challenging the process is for refugee applicants. Refugees have to maneuver difficult application procedures that include countless paperwork, interviews, deadlines and the most agonizing step; waiting for a response. Those who are denied then have to endure a grueling and emotional appeal process in hopes that the country that denied them may re-consider. Refugees are in a vulnerable position, as many of them have suffered great loss and have had to leave their homes. When applying for refugee status for other countries, the legal application process is tedious and extremely stressful as any slip-up can negatively affect those seeking safety.

Legal aid workers make significant contributions by empowering those who are unfamiliar with a foreign country’s language, requirements and legal system.  Besides assistance in representation, completing paperwork or appeals, legal aid is beneficial as attorneys have the power and resources to make changes to current policy and legislation. Like the recent Assembly Bill 900 (AB900) which expanded eligibility for Special Immigration Juvenile Status (SIJS). SIJS is a federal law that helps eligible youth obtain lawful immigration status. AB 900 aligns state and federal law in order to protect unaccompanied immigrant youth. Beginning on January 1, 2016, probate courts will be allowed to grant guardianship and issue SIJS orders to young adults up to 21 years old. Formerly, the limit age to petition for a guardianship was 17, as a minor was recognized as an adult at age 18. This new law will provide youth a better opportunity to adjust to life by allowing them to have an adult guardian by extending the age limit for SIJS eligibility.

Understanding forced migration and human trafficking is difficult and even more so when the victim is a child. Obtaining a more comprehensive experience of what my clients experience will allow me to better serve their needs. As I prepare to embark on this journey to learn about forced migration; I cannot help but wonder not only what impact this trip might have on me, but how I can use that knowledge to make a difference at home. 


Additional links:
Unaccompanied minors:


Assembly Bill 900:


 Special Immigration Juvenile Status:


Prepared by Adeline Del Real

Thursday, December 31, 2015

Italy's Struggle Processing Migrants

Photo and Video Courtesy of: Journeyman Pictures

This "Journeyman Pictures" and "Dateline SBS" documentary is not only interesting and on-topic, it juxtaposes the personal experiences of the many different kinds of migrant with on-site interviews and informative news segments.

It is so easy to become frustrated with the European reaction to the current Migrant Crisis, which has only gotten worse since Syrian War refugees began to increasingly join the already steady stream of people fleeing Africa and the Middle East seeing refuge from war, abject poverty, persecution, or death threats.  But as this video attempts to show, in Italy, at least, the people are trying to help the refugees, they are just completely unprepared to deal with such a huge influx.  Governments lack necessary infrastructure to deal with all the people that need to be processed, and refugee camps lack food, water, shelter, warmth, basic sanitation, or anything approaching even basic human rights.

As always there will be some people who will be xenophobic, who prefer to build boarders instead of relationships, who ignore this massive need of their fellow man instead of getting educated and getting involved.  Luckily this piece also highlights some of the wonderful nonprofit organizations on the ground helping refugees in Italy.

The big question no one seems to be asking: what is America doing about the Migrant and Refugee Crisis?

Italy's Struggle to Process Swelling Tide of Refugees: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVAnjYUMx0o

The European Refugee Crisis and Syria Explained

Photo and Video Courtesy of: Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell

This YouTube Channel provides a simple, easy to understand video-infographic that is informative as well as framed in a interesting, possibly different, viewpoint.  Whatever your current view of the Syrian Refugee Crisis, I highly recommend this brief video... and hopefully you will be inspired to learn more.

Refugee Crisis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RvOnXh3NN9w

Sunday, December 20, 2015

International Refugee Law

© Prazis / Fotolia


“Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.”
(Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 14.1).


To understand the struggle of today's refugees crisis, forced migration, and human trafficking we need to understand the field of international law.

 

What is international law? 


International law is the set of rules generally regarded to be binding only in relations between states and between nations. Because of state sovereignty, much of international law is consent-based governance. However, there are other aspects of international law such as customary international law and peremptory norms (jus cogens) are obligatory upon state and non-state actors. These include private corporations and non-state actors, including nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). 

International law serves as a framework for organized international relations for sovereign states. One of the most important international organizations, the United Nations the development of international law one of its main mandates. The UN Charter, in its Preamble, sets the objective "to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained". More than 500 multilateral treaties have been deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Many other treaties are deposited with governments or other entities such as the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court (ICC). Treaties such as the Geneva Conventions may require national law to conform to respective parts

The domains of international law encompasses a wide range of issues of international concern such as human rights, disarmament, international crime, refugees, migration, problems of nationality, the treatment of prisoners, the use of force, and the conduct of war, among others. It also regulates the global commons, such as the environment, sustainable development, international waters, outer space, global communications and world trade.

 

What is a refugee in international law? 


According to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees a
refugee is someone who:
1. Has a well founded fear of persecution because of his/her
  • Race,
  • Religion,
  • Nationality,
  • Membership in a particular social group, or
  • Political opinion;
2. Is outside his/her country of origin; and
3. Is unable or unwilling to avail him/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.
Read more from United Nations High Commission for Refugees. (2012). Text of Convention

 

Refugee Law is based on Human Rights Law


Most of the rights crucial to refugee protection are also the fundamental rights stated in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights
  • Right to life, liberty and security of person
  • Right to seek and enjoy asylum
  • Freedom from torture, or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
  • Freedom from slavery or servitude
  • Recognition as a person before the law
  • Freedom of thought, conscience, and religion
  • Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention
  • Freedom from arbitrary interference in privacy, home and family
  • Freedom of opinion and expression
  • Right to be educated
  • Right to participate in the cultural life of a community

 

Refugee and Migrants: An issue of 'force'


International law distinguishes the rights of the migrant from those of a refugee. Unlike migrants, refugees do not choose to leave their countries; they are forced to do so. Economic migrants are persons who leave their countries of origin purely for economic reasons, to seek material improvements in their lives. The key difference between economic migrants and refugees is that economic migrants enjoy the protection of their home countries; refugees do not. Economic migrants do not fall within the criteria for refugee status and are therefore not entitled to benefit from international protection as refugees. 

 

How does refugee law relates to humanitarian and human rights law?


In her book The Human Rights of Migrants and Refugees in European Law Cathryn Costello has clearly identified the strengths and limits of international law and international human rights in relation to the 2015 EU refugee and migration crisis.

"The human rights of migrants and refugees are far from secure. Human rights and refugee law both contain strong norms of non-refoulement, or non-return to face persecution or serious human rights violations. However, those seeking refuge rarely have a legal route to claim asylum in the EU. To claim asylum, they must normally be on the territory, and usually this means a dangerous irregular journey. EU law requires the states where they arrive (predominantly Greece and Italy in 2015) to process their asylum-claims (unless they have close family elsewhere). However, that allocation mechanism would be unworkable if it was properly enforced. It creates many legal frictions, as people resist being transferred back to countries of first arrival, which often run weak asylum systems." (Read more here).

 

Read more on International Law and Refugee

  1. International Refugee Law
  2. Refugee Protection: A Guide to International Refugee Law
  3. International Journal of Refugee Law
  4. Free access to Oxford University Press resources on refugee law


The human rights of migrants and refugees are far from secure … The figure of the ‘migrant’ sits uneasily with the basic human equality than underpins human rights law. - See more at: http://blog.oup.com/2015/12/migrant-detention-rights-europe/#sthash.XJrI2JHL.dpuf
Cathryn Costello, is a Andrew W Mellon Associate Professor in International Human Rights and Refugee Law, Refugee Studies Centre, Oxford Department of International Development. She is the author of The Human Rights of Migrants and Refugees in European Law. - See more at: http://blog.oup.com/2015/12/migrant-detention-rights-europe/#sthash.XJrI2JHL.dpuf
Cathryn Costello, is a Andrew W Mellon Associate Professor in International Human Rights and Refugee Law, Refugee Studies Centre, Oxford Department of International Development. She is the author of The Human Rights of Migrants and Refugees in European Law. - See more at: http://blog.oup.com/2015/12/migrant-detention-rights-europe/#sthash.XJrI2JHL.dpuf

Friday, December 18, 2015

International Migrant Day and Migrant Rights



Today is the International Migrant Day. We still have a way to go to promote social inclusion and global citizenship based on human security... Let's reflect for a moment on the humanity journey through global migration and on the human rights implications and international obligations in forced migrations. 

"On International Migrants Day, let us commit to coherent, comprehensive and human-rights based responses guided by international law and standards and a shared resolve to leave no one behind.""

Ban Ki-moon
Message for International Migrants Day,
18 December 2015

The following is a United Nations reflection and invitation to remember the victims of forced migration. 

"Throughout human history, migration has been a courageous expression of the individual’s will to overcome adversity and to live a better life. Today, globalization, together with advances in communications and transportation, has greatly increased the number of people who have the desire and the capacity to move to other places.

This new era has created challenges and opportunities for societies throughout the world. It also has served to underscore the clear linkage between migration and development, as well as the opportunities it provides for co-development, that is, the concerted improvement of economic and social conditions at both origin and destination.

Migration draws increasing attention in the world nowadays. Mixed with elements of unforeseeability, emergency, and complexity, the challenges and difficulties of international migration require enhanced cooperation and collective action among countries and regions. The United Nations is actively playing a catalyst role in this area, with the aim of creating more dialogues and interactions within countries and regions, as well as propelling experience exchange and collaboration opportunities.

To mark this year’s International Migrants Day, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) is calling on the international community to come together and remember the refugees and migrants who have lost their lives or have disappeared while trying to reach safe harbour after arduous journeys across seas and deserts.

IOM invites people all over the world to hold the first global Candlelight Vigil on December 18 to commemorate the migrants whose lives have been lost this year. Each of them has a name, a story and left their homelands seeking better opportunities and safety for themselves and in many cases for their families - aspirations that all of us strive for." Read more about the vigil.

The United Nations Human Rights Council has issued an important report on the rights of migrants. Check their work on migrant rights at http://ow.ly/W4dyo and The UN Special Rapporteur on #MigrantRights: http://ow.ly/W4dpr


Saturday, December 12, 2015

Migration Justice: A New Master Program at USF


The University of San Francisco (USF) has recently launched a Master Degree Program on Migration Studies. As we are faced my growing crises of forced migrations in Europe and worldwide, programs like this are becoming even more relevant for developing appropriate and competent leaders for the present and future global needs. International migration, along refugee crises, and human trafficking are some of the most pressing global challenges, international responsibilities and societal opportunities.

The Master in Migration Studies at University of San Francisco (USF) has been created in collaboration with the Universidad Iberoamericana, the Jesuit university in Mexico City (UIA). USF’s Master in Migration Studies combines its interdisciplinary approach with field experiences with migrants and with a particular attention to Mexican and Central American migration. In an article to the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities (AJCU), Dr. Lois Ann Lorentzen, USF Professor of Theology and Religious Studies, highlights the Latin American and Jesuit values of the program: "Mexicans make up roughly half of all unauthorized migrants to the U.S. In addition, half a million Central Americans cross Mexico annually, many of them making the dangerous journey north on top of a train known as “la Bestia.” The new USF program will benefit from Jesuit programs in support of migrants in Mexico, Central America, the U.S. and other parts of the world. For example, the Jesuit Service for Migrants in Mexico was founded in 2002 to address the urgent needs of migrants within Mexico, and several Jesuit groups staff comedores (food distribution centers) and shelters along the migrant route as well as the country's northern and southern borders."

Dr. Marco Tavanti has been instrumental to develop other programs similar to this and the AGI-Rome that aim at preparing adequate leaders and managers to address the challenges and opportunities of people on the move. He was instrumental for the creation of a Master degree program at DePaul University in Chicago focused on Refugee and Forced Migration Studies. He also developed the Intercultural Refugee Service Management Program in Jordan, in collaboration with UNHCR, UNRWA, IOM and other agencies with the purpose of helping nonprofit voluntary agency refugee resettlement workers (VOLAGs) to understand the global struggles and international procedures linked in migration. The Refugee Studies Centre at University of Oxford has been a pioneer in the study of forced migration and has been offering substantially contributing to the field. The educational challenges of such innovative program is to combine the understanding of international legal environments, with cultural normative and other interdisciplinary aspects with managerial skills for developing, running and assessing projects, programs and organizations.

The USF- School of Management AGI-Rome program along the USF Master in Migration Studies aim at preparing professionals to meet the needs of migrants and refugees. They aim to prepare professionals to adequately and competitively address these global challenges. They aim at understanding the intersection and complexity of forced migration with refugee and human rights responsibility, and with criminal activities linked to modern forms of human trafficking. They exemplify what former Jesuit Superior General Rev. Pedro Arrupe, S.J. envisioned in these professionals who can change the world by becoming “women and men for others."

Read more about the USF Migration Studies program here.