I knew before coming to Rome for this AGI that I was going to have many opportunities for experiential learning—that is, learning more about a subject by direct contact and involvement. I had thought that I would do so only within the set structure of the class itself, the people we were going to hear lectures from, the places we visited together, that sort of thing. But my experiential learning this past week in Rome went so far beyond the class components that I am still processing what it all means. What I DO know is that my preexisting assumptions about religion, humanity, and the definitions of “charity” and “community” have all been spent spinning, in the best of all possible ways.
Monday, January 18, 2016
Religion, Community, and Accompaniment in a Secular World
I knew before coming to Rome for this AGI that I was going to have many opportunities for experiential learning—that is, learning more about a subject by direct contact and involvement. I had thought that I would do so only within the set structure of the class itself, the people we were going to hear lectures from, the places we visited together, that sort of thing. But my experiential learning this past week in Rome went so far beyond the class components that I am still processing what it all means. What I DO know is that my preexisting assumptions about religion, humanity, and the definitions of “charity” and “community” have all been spent spinning, in the best of all possible ways.
Sunday, January 17, 2016
Are refugees welcome here?
UNEDUCATED COMMENTARY OF U.S. CITIZENS IS HARMING THE CHILDREN OF SYRIA
By: Erin Rene’ Nelson
While searching for articles related to my case study, I came across a “Hardball with Chris Matthews” video of Mark Shriver (JFK’s nephew), President of Saving the Children –Action Network. This short interview was focused strictly on children of Syria and the need for (U.S.) Americans help. When I read the public commentary in response to this video I was appalled (see examples of commentary below). I understand that most comments posted on the web tend to be from a small population and mostly negative viewpoints however these responses help frame a picture of the lack of comprehension, at least in the U.S., of what is happening in Syria. One may think who cares about a few comments - they are not significant. However we should consider that during elections the general public and social media commentary does have some power. Candidates are listening to public opinion, taking a stance on it and then feeding it back to the general public. The end of this cycle often becomes accepted general opinion. These comments do have serious indications.
A short time after this video was released ABC news reported on "Thousands in Syrian Town of Madaya at Risk of Starvation " and Quartz.com showed horrific photographs of people starving, including infants, children and pregnant mothers. The town of Madaya had not received any food for four months because they were under siege by ISIS as "a punishment for another cities doing." No one could enter; no one could leave. Madaya once a resort town for the wealthy had now become a prison for its own people.
Viewpoints from our politicians, social media and this commentary have included that the Syrian Civil War is brought on by themselves, they have a choice, they should stay and defend their country, it is not our problem and other various ignorant responses. The babies in Madaya that get milk once in 10 days did not bring this on, have absolutely no choice, cannot depend on themselves (or their families) and truly need our help! I beg Americans to become more educated on the situation and if they find they still do not want the U.S. to help at least portray the real story.
EXAMPLES OF COMMENTARY ON MARK SHRIVER EXPRESSING THE NEED TO HELP SYRIAN CHILDREN:
"Absolutely not! First of all can you imagine what a country this might be it during our Civil War everyone flood. These people won't stand up for their own country they absolutely won't for ours. Parentheses we parentheses should just leave it to work itself out.
"I would never be a refugee before defending my home and Space expect some other country to take me in. There is a difference between someone that spends the time trying to come to come to be an American and someone coming because they don't have the gall to defend their home.
Hardball With Chris Mathews, September 9, 2015, Video “JFK’s Nephew on Helping Children in Mideast Crisis”
http://www.msnbc.com/hardball/watch/jfks-nephew-on-helping-mideast-refugees-522573891613
Meghan Keneally, Abcnews.go.com, January 8, 2016, “Thousands in Syrian Town of Madaya at Risk of Starvation”
http://abcnews.go.com/International/thousands-people-syrian-town-madaya-risk-starvation/story?id=36175616 Mrie, Loubna and Kozlowska, Hanna, quartz.com, January 8, 2016, “Horrifying Images of Starving Syrians are Bringing Assad’s Atrocities Back into Focus” http://qz.com/589222/horrifying-images-of-starving-syrians-are-bringing-the-war-back-into-focus/
Saturday, January 16, 2016
Refugees Seeking Asylum
Friday, January 15, 2016
Crying for Solutions: The World’s Child Refugees
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| Photo credit: Jesuit Refugee Services |
As the conflicts around the world to send thousands of people fleeing to hoped-for safety and opportunity, humanitarian leaders are calling the world’s attention to the crisis of refugees. Underscoring the urgency of this call to action is the reality of refugee children. In 2015, more than 60 million have been forcibly displaced people—the most since World War II. Tragically, half of those forcibly displaced are children--30 million children often far from home, experiencing trauma, and often lacking basic resources. See http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49c3646c1e8.html Even more disturbing is the fact that increasing numbers are unaccompanied minors.
IN THE US: Between 2009 2015, the US documented unprecedented numbers of unaccompanied minors from Central South and America. An estimated sixty-three thousand unaccompanied minors, most coming from Central America, crossed the United States' southern border between October 1, 2013 and July 31, 2014, U.S. Customs and Border Protection has reported. Kids like Alfonso, who said “The gang told me that if I returned to school, I wouldn’t make it home alive. The gang had killed two kids I went to school with, and I thought I might be the next one. I know someone whom the gangs threatened this way. He didn’t take their threats seriously. They killed him in the park. He was wearing his school uniform. If I hadn’t had these problems, I wouldn’t have come here.” Read Alfonso’s story and what other South and Central American children say in this UNHCR report: http://www.unhcrwashington.org/sites/default/files/UAC_UNHCR_Children%20on%20the%20Run_Full%20Report.pdf.
IN EUROPE: In Europe right now, it is estimated that 7,000 unaccompanied minors, or children feeling along, have come into Europe and reside in refugee camps, like Calais, an overcrowded tent city in Northern France. On January 11th, the Guardian reported on young Masud, a 15 year old Afghan boy who had been waiting for months for his asylum claim to be heard by the UK. Unlike other refugees, Masud in fact had a good chance, even a right, because his sister lived in the UK. (Following the European Union’s Dublin Regulation covering hearing of asylum claims, refugees with close family members can claim asylum in the country where they reside). The Guardian wrote: “Masud was among a group of children listed in a legal challenge against the Home Office that will be heard in London on 18 January … a vulnerable and lonely child who deserved to be urgently reunited with a family member”.
CALLS TO ACTION: Sadly, Masud is one of many children alone, at risk, or even dying. Nonprofits, NGOs, and Churches providing humanitarian aid are urging governments to take action. Bishop of Barking, Peter Hill, a spokesperson for campaign group Citizens UK is quoted: “Every single night, desperate children are climbing into lorries and jumping on to train tracks to try and reach their families. Our government must act to honour its obligations and help these children.” Ciara Peri, of Centro Astalli refugee services http://centroastalli.it/ took time from her role as managing direct services to refugees and asylum-seekers in Rome, Italy, to speak with graduate students from USF School of Management, and explained the immense challenges faced by families and children in trying to navigate asylum in the European Union. Centro Astalli is a part of Jesuit Refugee Services, an international NGO with the mission to accompany, serve and advocate for the rights of refugees and other forcibly displaced persons. JRS provides primarily provides emergency response, psycho social supports, and education, and is a strong advocate for refugees. In a January 7 blog post, JRS/USA called for “Common action, not unilateral border controls”, saying that "From Mellila to Calais to the far reaches of the EU’s extremities, we have seen border control's massive negative repercussions and effects on people searching for safety,” (JRS Europe director Jean-Marie Carrière). “Responsible border management does not seek to turn away those in search of international protection.” Days before, they urged President Obama to provide protection for asylum seekers, not deportation, and to offer greater protection to Central American families fleeing violence. Reade their letter here at http://jrsusa.org/news_detail?TN=NEWS-20160104093630
A powerful voice joining these and other nonprofit leaders in a call for a dignified, humanitarian response is Pope Francis, who continues to urge a welcoming and compassionate, “bold and creative response”. Affirming that Europe has capacity to welcome migrants without threatening security or culture, the Pope said Monday "Europe has the means to defend the centrality of the human person and to find the right balance between its twofold moral responsibility to protect the rights of its citizens and to ensure assistance and acceptance to migrants." The “people’s pope” has been consistent and clear in this call to politicians, parishioners, and all people to show love, mercy, and justice. Over three years ago, August of 2013, the Holy Father wrote, “A change of attitude towards migrants and refugees is needed on the part of everyone, moving away from attitudes of defensiveness and fear, indifference and marginalization – all typical of a throwaway culture – towards attitudes based on a culture of encounter, the only culture capable of building a better, more just and fraternal world.” Read more from the Pope on Vatican news at http://www.news.va/en/news/pope-francis-angelus-appeal-for-migrants-and-refug
A Bold and Creative Response The current refugee problem could be more aptly recognized as a conflict crisis creating a refugee crisis, and one that is catching babies and young children in an unacceptable turmoil of fear, lack of safety, and death. Humanitarians say: we can, and should, do better.
Do Something Now:
Educate yourself and others. Learn “push” and “pull” factors, of why people choose to leave their whole lives behind for something better. Listen to refugee experiences, and what they are hoping for. Learn the massive benefits that migrant populations bring. Some places to start referenced in this article: UNHCR: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home Jesuit Refugee Services: http://en.jrs.net/Volunteer: Find an organization in your area that supports immigrants, refugees, or trafficked persons. Suggest your favorites in the comments to this blog!
Donate: Organizations at the forefront need our support. Research your own, or donate here to organizations on the frontlines. These organizations leverage substantial volunteer efforts:
Jesuit Refugee Services: https://www.jrsusa.org/donate?LID=201
Caritas: http://www.caritas.org/take-action/donate/
Medicins Sans Frontieres: http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/support-us
Advocate: Informal and formally advocate for refugees. Jesuit Refugee Service/USA has ongoing action alerts and for people to contact Senators and Representatives on key issues.
http://cqrcengage.com/jesuit/jrs
http://www.wola.org/get_involved
Saturday, January 9, 2016
A Small Step in My Personal Journey to Understanding The Difficulty in Answering A Hard Question.
I have to admit my understanding of human trafficking was very minimal and disconnected. With each additional reading and research I am starting to understand what human trafficking really means. One of the largest revelations I had was discovering the intricacy and networks the traffickers use within the different “sectors” of human trafficking. Even with all the attention being brought to this subject through various media sources, I am starting to understand the difficulty in answering the hardest question… how this can continue to happen and what can be done to help?
To view the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BhWc6Dzy8xM&feature=youtu.be
To learn more:
antitrafficking@comcast.net
To read more: http://www.marincounty.org/~/media/files/departments/da/marin-county-human-trafficking-task-force.pdf
Friday, January 8, 2016
Roman Reactions to Recent Refugees: A Personal Conversation
Having arrived in Rome several days before the AGI is to begin, I set about to find opportunities to speak with ordinary Roman citizens about the current Italian/ EU Refugee Situation, and have luckily been quite successful. I have spent hours conversing with men and women from all walks of life and areas of Italy and Europe, including café owners, artisan crafters, off-duty tour guides, salespeople, bar owners, hotel clerks, art students: basically anyone willing to talk about the current Syrian Refugee Crisis who knew enough English, Spanish, or a combination of the above to communicate (mio Italiano non è buono). Everyone I spoke to was incredibly friendly, happy to chat about anything Italian, and eager to share their own views of the Migrant Crisis, and although I do not have their names I want to thank each and every one of them for taking the time to talk to me. Grazie, i miei nuovi amici.
Sunday, January 3, 2016
Importance of Legal Aid to Refugees
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| Photo credit: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/06/children-illegal-mexican-border_n_5462133.html |
Thursday, December 31, 2015
Italy's Struggle Processing Migrants
It is so easy to become frustrated with the European reaction to the current Migrant Crisis, which has only gotten worse since Syrian War refugees began to increasingly join the already steady stream of people fleeing Africa and the Middle East seeing refuge from war, abject poverty, persecution, or death threats. But as this video attempts to show, in Italy, at least, the people are trying to help the refugees, they are just completely unprepared to deal with such a huge influx. Governments lack necessary infrastructure to deal with all the people that need to be processed, and refugee camps lack food, water, shelter, warmth, basic sanitation, or anything approaching even basic human rights.
As always there will be some people who will be xenophobic, who prefer to build boarders instead of relationships, who ignore this massive need of their fellow man instead of getting educated and getting involved. Luckily this piece also highlights some of the wonderful nonprofit organizations on the ground helping refugees in Italy.
The big question no one seems to be asking: what is America doing about the Migrant and Refugee Crisis?
Italy's Struggle to Process Swelling Tide of Refugees: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVAnjYUMx0o
The European Refugee Crisis and Syria Explained
This YouTube Channel provides a simple, easy to understand video-infographic that is informative as well as framed in a interesting, possibly different, viewpoint. Whatever your current view of the Syrian Refugee Crisis, I highly recommend this brief video... and hopefully you will be inspired to learn more.
Refugee Crisis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RvOnXh3NN9w
Sunday, December 20, 2015
International Refugee Law
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| © Prazis / Fotolia |
“Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.”
(Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 14.1).
To understand the struggle of today's refugees crisis, forced migration, and human trafficking we need to understand the field of international law.
What is international law?
International law is the set of rules generally regarded to be binding only in relations between states and between nations. Because of state sovereignty, much of international law is consent-based governance. However, there are other aspects of international law such as customary international law and peremptory norms (jus cogens) are obligatory upon state and non-state actors. These include private corporations and non-state actors, including nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).
International law serves as a framework for organized international relations for sovereign states. One of the most important international organizations, the United Nations the development of international law one of its main mandates. The UN Charter, in its Preamble, sets the objective "to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained". More than 500 multilateral treaties have been deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Many other treaties are deposited with governments or other entities such as the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court (ICC). Treaties such as the Geneva Conventions may require national law to conform to respective parts
The domains of international law encompasses a wide range of issues of international concern such as human rights, disarmament, international crime, refugees, migration, problems of nationality, the treatment of prisoners, the use of force, and the conduct of war, among others. It also regulates the global commons, such as the environment, sustainable development, international waters, outer space, global communications and world trade.
What is a refugee in international law?
According to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees a
refugee is someone who:
1. Has a well founded fear of persecution because of his/herRead more from United Nations High Commission for Refugees. (2012). Text of Convention
2. Is outside his/her country of origin; and
- Race,
- Religion,
- Nationality,
- Membership in a particular social group, or
- Political opinion;
3. Is unable or unwilling to avail him/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.
Refugee Law is based on Human Rights Law
Most of the rights crucial to refugee protection are also the fundamental rights stated in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- Right to life, liberty and security of person
- Right to seek and enjoy asylum
- Freedom from torture, or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Freedom from slavery or servitude
- Recognition as a person before the law
- Freedom of thought, conscience, and religion
- Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention
- Freedom from arbitrary interference in privacy, home and family
- Freedom of opinion and expression
- Right to be educated
- Right to participate in the cultural life of a community
Refugee and Migrants: An issue of 'force'
International law distinguishes the rights of the migrant from those of a refugee. Unlike migrants, refugees do not choose to leave their countries; they are forced to do so. Economic migrants are persons who leave their countries of origin purely for economic reasons, to seek material improvements in their lives. The key difference between economic migrants and refugees is that economic migrants enjoy the protection of their home countries; refugees do not. Economic migrants do not fall within the criteria for refugee status and are therefore not entitled to benefit from international protection as refugees.
How does refugee law relates to humanitarian and human rights law?
In her book The Human Rights of Migrants and Refugees in European Law Cathryn Costello has clearly identified the strengths and limits of international law and international human rights in relation to the 2015 EU refugee and migration crisis.
"The human rights of migrants and refugees are far from secure. Human rights and refugee law both contain strong norms of non-refoulement, or non-return to face persecution or serious human rights violations. However, those seeking refuge rarely have a legal route to claim asylum in the EU. To claim asylum, they must normally be on the territory, and usually this means a dangerous irregular journey. EU law requires the states where they arrive (predominantly Greece and Italy in 2015) to process their asylum-claims (unless they have close family elsewhere). However, that allocation mechanism would be unworkable if it was properly enforced. It creates many legal frictions, as people resist being transferred back to countries of first arrival, which often run weak asylum systems." (Read more here).
Read more on International Law and Refugee
- International Refugee Law
- Refugee Protection: A Guide to International Refugee Law
- International Journal of Refugee Law
- Free access to Oxford University Press resources on refugee law
Friday, December 18, 2015
International Migrant Day and Migrant Rights
"On International Migrants Day, let us commit to coherent, comprehensive and human-rights based responses guided by international law and standards and a shared resolve to leave no one behind.""
"Throughout human history, migration has been a courageous expression of the individual’s will to overcome adversity and to live a better life. Today, globalization, together with advances in communications and transportation, has greatly increased the number of people who have the desire and the capacity to move to other places.
This new era has created challenges and opportunities for societies throughout the world. It also has served to underscore the clear linkage between migration and development, as well as the opportunities it provides for co-development, that is, the concerted improvement of economic and social conditions at both origin and destination.
Migration draws increasing attention in the world nowadays. Mixed with elements of unforeseeability, emergency, and complexity, the challenges and difficulties of international migration require enhanced cooperation and collective action among countries and regions. The United Nations is actively playing a catalyst role in this area, with the aim of creating more dialogues and interactions within countries and regions, as well as propelling experience exchange and collaboration opportunities.
To mark this year’s International Migrants Day, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) is calling on the international community to come together and remember the refugees and migrants who have lost their lives or have disappeared while trying to reach safe harbour after arduous journeys across seas and deserts.
IOM invites people all over the world to hold the first global Candlelight Vigil on December 18 to commemorate the migrants whose lives have been lost this year. Each of them has a name, a story and left their homelands seeking better opportunities and safety for themselves and in many cases for their families - aspirations that all of us strive for." Read more about the vigil.
The United Nations Human Rights Council has issued an important report on the rights of migrants. Check their work on migrant rights at http://ow.ly/W4dyo and The UN Special Rapporteur on #MigrantRights: http://ow.ly/W4dpr
Saturday, December 12, 2015
Migration Justice: A New Master Program at USF
The University of San Francisco (USF) has recently launched a Master Degree Program on Migration Studies. As we are faced my growing crises of forced migrations in Europe and worldwide, programs like this are becoming even more relevant for developing appropriate and competent leaders for the present and future global needs. International migration, along refugee crises, and human trafficking are some of the most pressing global challenges, international responsibilities and societal opportunities.
The Master in Migration Studies at University of San Francisco (USF) has been created in collaboration with the Universidad Iberoamericana, the Jesuit university in Mexico City (UIA). USF’s Master in Migration Studies combines its interdisciplinary approach with field experiences with migrants and with a particular attention to Mexican and Central American migration. In an article to the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities (AJCU), Dr. Lois Ann Lorentzen, USF Professor of Theology and Religious Studies, highlights the Latin American and Jesuit values of the program: "Mexicans make up roughly half of all unauthorized migrants to the U.S. In addition, half a million Central Americans cross Mexico annually, many of them making the dangerous journey north on top of a train known as “la Bestia.” The new USF program will benefit from Jesuit programs in support of migrants in Mexico, Central America, the U.S. and other parts of the world. For example, the Jesuit Service for Migrants in Mexico was founded in 2002 to address the urgent needs of migrants within Mexico, and several Jesuit groups staff comedores (food distribution centers) and shelters along the migrant route as well as the country's northern and southern borders."
Dr. Marco Tavanti has been instrumental to develop other programs similar to this and the AGI-Rome that aim at preparing adequate leaders and managers to address the challenges and opportunities of people on the move. He was instrumental for the creation of a Master degree program at DePaul University in Chicago focused on Refugee and Forced Migration Studies. He also developed the Intercultural Refugee Service Management Program in Jordan, in collaboration with UNHCR, UNRWA, IOM and other agencies with the purpose of helping nonprofit voluntary agency refugee resettlement workers (VOLAGs) to understand the global struggles and international procedures linked in migration. The Refugee Studies Centre at University of Oxford has been a pioneer in the study of forced migration and has been offering substantially contributing to the field. The educational challenges of such innovative program is to combine the understanding of international legal environments, with cultural normative and other interdisciplinary aspects with managerial skills for developing, running and assessing projects, programs and organizations.
The USF- School of Management AGI-Rome program along the USF Master in Migration Studies aim at preparing professionals to meet the needs of migrants and refugees. They aim to prepare professionals to adequately and competitively address these global challenges. They aim at understanding the intersection and complexity of forced migration with refugee and human rights responsibility, and with criminal activities linked to modern forms of human trafficking. They exemplify what former Jesuit Superior General Rev. Pedro Arrupe, S.J. envisioned in these professionals who can change the world by becoming “women and men for others."
Read more about the USF Migration Studies program here.








